Ships are surrounded by water, yet sourcing and treating water onboard is a persistent challenge to human and ecological health. Cruise ships treat thousands of gallons of water for their passengers and crews in a compact space. 

In shipping, ballast water tanks are discharged and flooded when cargo is loaded and unloaded. These ballast water flows must be treated to prevent invasive species from being transferred from port to port.

PFAS (perfluoroalkyl substances) are a class of compounds popularly called “forever chemicals” because of how difficult they are to break down. PFAS accumulate in the human body and are harmful at trace levels.